SIR System Description and Operation
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SIR System Description and Operation
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The airbag system (SIR) complements the protection that the seat belts give. The SIR system incorporates a module for sensing and diagnosis (SDM), airbags, belt pretensioner (mounting and belt reel) and collision sensors. The SDM determines the severity of a collision using collision sensors strategically placed within the car. When the SDM senses a collision it analyzes the information from the sensors to assess the need to activate the airbags and belt pretensioners. The SDM deploys the airbags and belt pretensioners if it senses that the collision forces are sufficiently severe. If the collision force is insufficient for activation of the airbags, the SDM can deploy the seat belt pretensioners. The SDM incorporates a sensor unit that produces an electric signals that are proportional to vehicle speed rates of change. The SDM compares these signals with values that are stored in memory. If the signals exceed the stored values, the SDM determines the force of the collision and either transmits a current through the front activation circuits to deploy both the front airbags and belt pretensioners or only deploys the pretensioners. The SDM continually monitors the deployment circuits for faults and illuminates the SIR system AIRBAG indicator if a fault is detected. The SDM continually carries out diagnosis monitoring on the SIS electrical components. When the SDM senses a circuit fault it sets a DTC and informs the driver by illuminating the SIR system AIRBAG indicator. The steering column and knee bolsters are designed to absorb energy and are collapsed in frontal impacts to limit leg movements and minimize the risk of injuries to the driver and passengers.
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SIR System AIR BAG Indicator
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The SIR system AIR BAG indicator, located in the instrument cluster, is used to notify the driver of SIR system malfunctions and to verify that the inflatable restraint sensing and diagnostic module (SDM) is communicating with the instrument cluster. When the ignition is turned ON, the SDM is supplied with ignition positive voltage. The instrument cluster will momentarily turn on the SIR system AIR BAG indicator. While the indicator is on, the SDM conducts tests on all SIR system components and circuits. If no malfunctions are detected the SDM will communicate with the instrument cluster through the serial data circuit and command the SIR system AIR BAG indicator OFF. The SDM provides continuous monitoring of the air bag circuits by conducting a sequence of checks. If a malfunction is detected the SDM will store a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) and command the instrument cluster to illuminate the SIR system AIR BAG indicator via serial data. The presence of a SIR system malfunction could result in non-deployment of the air bags or deployment in conditions less severe than intended. The SIR system AIR BAG indicator will remain ON until the malfunction has been repaired.
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Inflatable restraint sensing and diagnostic module (SDM)
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The inflatable restraint sensing and diagnostic module (SDM) is a microprocessor and the control module for the supplemental inflatable restraint (SIR) system. The SDM contains internal sensors along with external impact sensors, mounted at strategic locations on the vehicle. In the event of a collision, the SDM compares the signals from the internal and external impact sensors to a value stored in memory. When the generated signals exceed the stored value, the SDM will cause current to flow through the appropriate deployment loops to deploy the air bags. The SDM records the SIR system status when a deployment occurs and illuminates the SIR system AIR BAG indicator located in the instrument cluster. The SDM performs continuous diagnostic monitoring of the SIR system electrical components and circuitry when the ignition is turned ON. If the SDM detects a malfunction, a DTC will be stored and the SDM will request the instrument cluster to illuminate the SIR system AIR BAG indicator, notifying the driver that a malfunction exists. In the event that ignition positive voltage is lost during a collision, the SDM maintains a 23-volt loop reserve for deployment of the air bags. It is important when disabling the SIR system for servicing or rescue operations to allow the 23-volt loop reserve to dissipate, which could take up to 1 minute.
This vehicle contains 6 air bags. The 6 air bags are located in the driver steering wheel (dual air bags), passenger instrument panel (passenger side) (dual air bags), driver seat side (B-pillar), passenger seat side (B-pillar), left roof rail, and right roof rail. To view the locations of the air bags refer to
SIR Identification Views
. Air bags contain a housing, inflatable air bag, two initiating devices (if dual air bags), canister of gas generating material and, in some cases, stored compressed gas. The deployment loops supply current to deploy the air bags. The steering wheel and passenger instrument panel air bags have two stages of deployment, which varies the amount of restraint to the occupant according to the collision severity. For moderate frontal collisions the air bags deploy at less than full deployment which consists of stage 1 of the air bag. For more severe frontal collisions a full deployment is initiated which consists of stage 1 and stage 2 of the air bag. The current passing through the air bags ignite the material in the canister producing a rapid generation of gas and is some cases, the release of compressed gas. The gas produced from this reaction rapidly inflates the air bag. Once the air bag is inflated it quickly deflates through the air bag vent holes and/or the bag fabric. A shorting bar (if equipped) is located in the connector.
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Seat Belt Pretensioners (Anchor and Retractor)
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The seat belt pretensioners (driver and passenger) consist of a housing, seat belt retractor (located in the B-pillar), seat belt anchor (located on the floor), seat belt webbing, an initiator, and a canister of gas generating materials. To view the locations of the seat belt pretentioners refer to
SIR Identification Views
. The initiator is part of the seat belt pretensioner deployment loop. When the vehicle is involved in a collision of sufficient force, the SDM causes current to flow through the seat belt deployment loops to the initiator. Current passing through the initiator ignites the material in the canister producing a rapid generation of gas. The gas produced from this reaction deploys the seat belt pretensioners which removes all of the slack in the seat belts. Depending on the severity of the collision, the seat belt pretensioners may deploy without the frontal air bags deploying, or they will deploy immediately before the frontal air bags deploy. A shorting bar (if equipped) is located in the connector.
This vehicle contains 6 impact sensors. The impact sensors are located in the front of the vehicle (2, left and right), and the 4 doors. To view the locations of the impact sensors refer to
SIR Identification Views
. The impact sensors contain a sensing device which monitors vehicle acceleration and velocity changes to detect side collisions that are severe enough to warrant air bag deployment. The impact sensor are not part of the deployment loop, but instead provide input to the SDM. The SDM contains a microprocessor that performs calculations using the measured accelerations and compares these calculations to a value stored in memory. When the generated calculations exceed the stored value, the SDM will cause current to flow through the deployment loops deploying the appropriate air bags.
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Passenger Presence Detection System and Passenger Air Bag Indicator (If Equipped)
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Note
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The passenger presence system (PPS) is a calibrated unit. When replacing the assembly all parts in the service kit must remain together. Do not mix any of the old parts with the new parts. After repairing or replacing the PPS, the preload test must be performed in order to function properly.
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The passenger presence system (PPS) is used to monitor the loading on the front passenger seat and communicate the status to the inflatable restraint sensing and diagnostic module (SDM). The SDM then uses this information to determine whether to enable or suppress the passenger instrument panel air bag. The PPS consists of an electronic control module, a sensor mat in the seat, a harness, and PASSENGER AIR BAG ON/OFF indicators. The PPS transmits and receives a low-level electric field. The measured capacitance value of this field is used to determine the type of occupant sitting in the front passenger seat. If the measured capacitance is less than a calibrated value, then the PPS module will send a serial data signal to the SDM to disable the passenger instrument panel air bag. If the measured capacitance is greater than a calibrated value, then the passenger presence module will send a serial data signal to the SDM to enable the passenger instrument panel air bag. The SDM will notify the customer of the enable/disable status by illuminating one of the PASSENGER AIR BAG ON/OFF indicator. The passenger presence module monitors itself for faults and will display any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) on the scan tool. When a fault is detected, the passenger presence module sends out a message to the SDM. The SDM responds by sending a command message to the IPC to illuminate the SIR system AIR BAG indicator.
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Passenger Air Bag Disable Switch (If Equipped)
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The passenger air bag disable switch is used to turn the passenger instrument panel air bag on or off. The customer can decide to disable the passenger instrument panel air bag by turning this switch on. When the SDM sees a ground circuit from this switch the passenger instrument panel air bag is turned off. The vehicle has a PASSENGER AIR BAG ON/OFF indicator to tell the customer when the passenger instrument panel air bag is on or off based on the disable switch position.
The seat belt indicators are controlled through the inflatable restraint sensing and diagnostic module (SDM). For further information on seat belt indicators refer to
Seat Belt System Description and Operation
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